Learning
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How human beings acquire knowledge, develop capacities, change what we believe, and accumulate learning across people, communities, and generations.

Part of Love & Work's continuing inquiry into what human beings are capable of becoming.

COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

We are not done becoming.

Human beings can learn together, and what we learn can expand what becomes possible.
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509–1511, Vatican Palace, Rome. Raphael imagined human knowledge not as the possession of a single great mind, but as a conversation extending across generations.

I started Love & Work because of a belief I have carried with me for most of my life: human beings have enormous unrealized potential.

We are biological creatures with the remarkable capacity to think, imagine, communicate, cooperate, make things, and learn from one another. Even more remarkably, we can pass what we learn to people we will never meet and generations not yet born. That seems to me to carry a responsibility. If we possess these capacities, then surely part of being human is learning how to use them well.

For a brief and exhilarating moment in the late 1960s and early 1970s, it seemed as though much of the culture was testing those capacities. What else could we learn about ourselves? How differently might we live? Assumptions about race, gender, war, work, sexuality, the environment, authority, and even consciousness itself were suddenly up for grabs.

One of the most consequential questions was how human beings actually develop. Researchers were paying closer attention to how children learn. Educators were questioning the distinction between learning and schooling. Psychologists were asking what conditions allow human capacities to emerge. Around me, people were experimenting with different ways of teaching, working, living, and learning together.

I absorbed a powerful idea from all of this. Curiosity, intelligence, imagination, and the desire to learn aren’t capacities that need to be installed in us. They are already there, ready to develop when given the conditions that allow them to flourish. That possibility has stayed with me ever since.

But our capacity to learn does not guarantee progress. Gloria Steinem had a useful name for part of what happens. She called it “frontlash.” Significant change creates backlash precisely because something has changed. People and institutions whose wealth, authority, status, and sense of control are threatened push back. Gains can be slowed, compromised, and sometimes reversed. But the resistance itself can be evidence that the starting point has moved.

And yet, when we pull the camera back far enough, something important becomes visible. Across many measures of human well-being and freedom, the gains have ultimately been greater than the take-backs.

That does not mean the work is finished. Slavery still exists, but much of humanity has learned to regard as morally indefensible what civilizations once accepted as ordinary. Women have gained rights that remain denied or threatened in many places. We learned how to prevent diseases that once routinely killed children, even as some of that hard-won knowledge is being challenged today. We have brought polluted rivers back to life while continuing to damage the living world on an enormous scale.

Progress is neither complete nor secure. What we learn can be resisted, forgotten, distorted, or deliberately undone. But over generations, knowledge can accumulate. Expectations can change. Gains that were once radical can become ordinary, providing the starting point for the next round of learning.

We are a learning species. That matters enormously right now. We have created technologies powerful enough to threaten our future. We have also created tools capable of expanding access to knowledge, intelligence, and one another on a scale no previous generation could have imagined.

There is nothing inevitable about what happens next. Our opportunity is to keep learning, to share what we learn, and to help others discover that they can learn and contribute, too.

That is why I keep gathering the stories in Love & Work. They are evidence of people learning how to do things differently, and then making what they learn available to the rest of us. My hope is that seeing what others have learned expands our own sense of what is possible—and inspires us to try something, too.

Hope doesn’t require believing that progress is inevitable. But it does require that we recognize that learning is possible, that learning accumulates, and that we can participate in what humanity learns next.
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LEARNING, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

We inherit what others learned.

Joseph Henrich challenges the idea that humans succeeded because we are exceptionally intelligent individuals. Our advantage is that we learn from one another, inherit knowledge, and build on what others discovered. Learning can be forgotten or resisted, but reversals don’t always return us to where we started. Once another way is demonstrated, a new possibility enters the human repertoire.

BOOK: The Secret of Our Success: How Culture Is Driving Human Evolution, Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter

LEARNING, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

We know how to make a "we."

Humans have an unusual ability to understand that we are doing something together. Michael Tomasello calls it shared intentionality: establishing common goals, coordinating different roles, sharing attention, and adjusting our behavior to help one another succeed. This capacity makes shared knowledge, norms, institutions, and collective action possible.

BOOK: Why We Cooperate

LEARNING, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

We can learn how to govern ourselves.

Elinor Ostrom studied communities that successfully managed shared resources without relying solely on markets or governments. While she didn’t find any single recipe, she did see recurring patterns: locally appropriate rules, participation, monitoring, conflict resolution, and growing trust. Her work demonstrates something profoundly hopeful: people can learn how to cooperate, turn that learning into durable institutions, and invent new ways of governing themselves.

LECTURE: Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems

LEARNING, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

Maybe the smartest thing about us isn't inside our heads.

Here’s a radical idea: some human intelligence exists not inside individuals, but in the connections among us. Ideas circulate, accumulate, improve, and combine, allowing networks to accomplish what individuals cannot. The implication is enormous: collective intelligence depends on how well knowledge moves. Participation, access, diversity, teaching, communication, and institutions all shape how smart we can become together.

FOLLOW THE THREAD

"Progress is people flourishing."
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-Ted Gioia

The long game is not a strategy for winning; it is a way of belonging.

Social change unfolds over generations, not election cycles. Margaret Wheatley tells a story about colleagues who once met with the Dalai Lama while feeling deeply discouraged that their work for change seemed to have little impact. They asked whether their efforts would ever make a difference, given how dire things looked. With a smile, he replied: “Oh, don’t worry about that. Your work will bear influence in about 700 years.”

SUPPORT: Love & Work Catalog

Our task is to participate wisely in a world where collapse and rebirth are unfolding at the same time.

None of us has to do everything, but each of us can do something. In Jewish teaching, Rabbi Tarfon says, “It is not your duty to finish the work, but neither are you free to desist from it”—a line often associated with the work of repairing the world (tikkun olam). No one is asked to save everything; each of us is asked to take up our share of the work through whatever mix of creativity, care, and courage is available to us, right where we are.

‍SUPPORT: Love & Work Catalog

Redesigning organizations and markets so they regenerate rather than extract

Alan Moore is very clear about one thing: we have reached the limits of the old industrial operating system, built on assumptions of predictability, hierarchy, and linear cause and effect. He describes a “trilemma” of social, organizational, and economic complexity that makes those assumptions untenable: the collision of rising social expectations and inequities, increasingly intricate and interdependent organizational systems, and an economic order built for linear growth and efficiency rather than resilience and shared flourishing.

BOOK: No Straight Lines. Making Sense of Our Non-Linear World

America has never been as innocent as it imagines itself to be.

Reinhold Niebuhr was a perceptive critic of the American spirit, if not downright prophetic. The Irony of American History, which he wrote in 1952, was his attempt to make sense of the United States’ rise to global power in the early Cold War.

BOOK: The Irony of American History

How to build inclusion and collaboration in your communities

Susie Wise teaches and coaches leaders in innovation, equity design, and inclusive storytelling at the Stanford d.school. She wrote this book to make what she sees as a simple, obvious case: belonging is a fundamental human need and a central goal of equity work. In this compact manual, small enough to serve as a field guide, she equips everyday leaders with practical design tools to build cultures of belonging in the communities that matter to them.

BOOK: Design for Belonging. How to Build Inclusion and Collaboration in Your Communities

Unlocking our capacity to experiment with new patterns might be as simple as singing together.

One of the most self-defeating phrases we repeat is, “It’s always been this way. People don’t change.”In this short video, Bobby McFerrin shows just how wrong that assumption is. In 2009, at the World Science Festival, he appeared on a panel titled Notes & Neurons: In Search of the Common Chorus, which explored how music and the brain interact—and whether our responses to music are universal or culturally shaped.

VIDEO: Bobby McFerrin Demonstrates the Power of the Pentatonic Scale

How a strong, self‑transcending purpose can transform health, resilience, and ethical behavior

When Vic Strecher’s daughter was an infant, she was diagnosed with a fatal heart condition. Because she was otherwise healthy, her doctors recommended that she undergo what was then a relatively new and still largely untested infant heart transplant.

PODCAST: You 2.0: What Is Your Life For?

Transitions open us to new ways of seeing.

As one year turns into the next, Ann Tashi Slater sees our shared state of liminality as an opportunity to change our perspective. She describes this condition of being “in between” as a natural and fertile state, visible in moments like dawn before sunrise or a flower poised between bud and bloom.

‍‍ARTICLE: ‘Tis the Season to Open Yourself to New Ways of Seeing

"The essential art of civilization is maintenance.”

Stewart Brand’s been working on a new book, and it’s pushing at a quiet but radical idea: maybe civilization’s biggest problem isn’t a lack of innovation, or even the threat of collapse, but our failure to take care of what already exists. Instead of obsessing over the next new thing—or the end of everything—he argues we might do better by paying serious attention to the practices and institutions that keep systems working over the long haul.

ARTICLE: The Essential Art of Civilization

It is better to think of purpose as something you form, rather than something you find.

Ross White is a clinical psychologist and author whose work focuses on psychological flexibility, wellbeing, and peak performance. He is the author of The Tree That Bends: How a Flexible Mind Can Help You Thrive and frames his practice around helping individuals and organizations function effectively under pressure.

‍ARTICLE: Your Purpose Isn’t Something To Find, It’s Something You Form

"How much of the beauty of our own lives is about the beauty of being alive?”

Joseph Campbell was a twentieth-century scholar of comparative mythology and religion and among the first public intellectuals to bring myth beyond the classroom and scholarly circles. His formulation of the “monomyth,” or hero’s journey, influenced generations of artists and filmmakers, most notably George Lucas’s Star Wars, and helped popularize the idea that myths function as templates for psychological and spiritual development.

BOOK: The Power of Myth

"The point is to live everything. Live the questions now."

Krista Tippett, host of the radio show and podcast On Being, laments how often we use words only to state opinions or win arguments. In this short clip, she reflects on the strength that comes from resisting the urge to rush toward clear answers, especially in a world facing vast, unresolved crises.

Podcast: Krista Tippett: Living the Questions