COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

We are not done becoming.

Human beings can learn together, and what we learn can expand what becomes possible.
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509–1511, Vatican Palace, Rome. Raphael imagined human knowledge not as the possession of a single great mind, but as a conversation extending across generations.

I started Love & Work because of a belief I have carried with me for most of my life: human beings have enormous unrealized potential.

We are biological creatures with the remarkable capacity to think, imagine, communicate, cooperate, make things, and learn from one another. Even more remarkably, we can pass what we learn to people we will never meet and generations not yet born. That seems to me to carry a responsibility. If we possess these capacities, then surely part of being human is learning how to use them well.

For a brief and exhilarating moment in the late 1960s and early 1970s, it seemed as though much of the culture was testing those capacities. What else could we learn about ourselves? How differently might we live? Assumptions about race, gender, war, work, sexuality, the environment, authority, and even consciousness itself were suddenly up for grabs.

One of the most consequential questions was how human beings actually develop. Researchers were paying closer attention to how children learn. Educators were questioning the distinction between learning and schooling. Psychologists were asking what conditions allow human capacities to emerge. Around me, people were experimenting with different ways of teaching, working, living, and learning together.

I absorbed a powerful idea from all of this. Curiosity, intelligence, imagination, and the desire to learn aren’t capacities that need to be installed in us. They are already there, ready to develop when given the conditions that allow them to flourish. That possibility has stayed with me ever since.

But our capacity to learn does not guarantee progress. Gloria Steinem had a useful name for part of what happens. She called it “frontlash.” Significant change creates backlash precisely because something has changed. People and institutions whose wealth, authority, status, and sense of control are threatened push back. Gains can be slowed, compromised, and sometimes reversed. But the resistance itself can be evidence that the starting point has moved.

And yet, when we pull the camera back far enough, something important becomes visible. Across many measures of human well-being and freedom, the gains have ultimately been greater than the take-backs.

That does not mean the work is finished. Slavery still exists, but much of humanity has learned to regard as morally indefensible what civilizations once accepted as ordinary. Women have gained rights that remain denied or threatened in many places. We learned how to prevent diseases that once routinely killed children, even as some of that hard-won knowledge is being challenged today. We have brought polluted rivers back to life while continuing to damage the living world on an enormous scale.

Progress is neither complete nor secure. What we learn can be resisted, forgotten, distorted, or deliberately undone. But over generations, knowledge can accumulate. Expectations can change. Gains that were once radical can become ordinary, providing the starting point for the next round of learning.

We are a learning species. That matters enormously right now. We have created technologies powerful enough to threaten our future. We have also created tools capable of expanding access to knowledge, intelligence, and one another on a scale no previous generation could have imagined.

There is nothing inevitable about what happens next. Our opportunity is to keep learning, to share what we learn, and to help others discover that they can learn and contribute, too.

That is why I keep gathering the stories in Love & Work. They are evidence of people learning how to do things differently, and then making what they learn available to the rest of us. My hope is that seeing what others have learned expands our own sense of what is possible—and inspires us to try something, too.

Hope doesn’t require believing that progress is inevitable. But it does require that we recognize that learning is possible, that learning accumulates, and that we can participate in what humanity learns next.

LEARNING, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

We inherit what others learned.

Joseph Henrich challenges the idea that humans succeeded because we are exceptionally intelligent individuals. Our advantage is that we learn from one another, inherit knowledge, and build on what others discovered. Learning can be forgotten or resisted, but reversals don’t always return us to where we started. Once another way is demonstrated, a new possibility enters the human repertoire.

BOOK: The Secret of Our Success: How Culture Is Driving Human Evolution, Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter

LEARNING, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

We know how to make a "we."

Humans have an unusual ability to understand that we are doing something together. Michael Tomasello calls it shared intentionality: establishing common goals, coordinating different roles, sharing attention, and adjusting our behavior to help one another succeed. This capacity makes shared knowledge, norms, institutions, and collective action possible.

BOOK: Why We Cooperate

LEARNING, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

We can learn how to govern ourselves.

Elinor Ostrom studied communities that successfully managed shared resources without relying solely on markets or governments. While she didn’t find any single recipe, she did see recurring patterns: locally appropriate rules, participation, monitoring, conflict resolution, and growing trust. Her work demonstrates something profoundly hopeful: people can learn how to cooperate, turn that learning into durable institutions, and invent new ways of governing themselves.

LECTURE: Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems

LEARNING, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

Maybe the smartest thing about us isn't inside our heads.

Here’s a radical idea: some human intelligence exists not inside individuals, but in the connections among us. Ideas circulate, accumulate, improve, and combine, allowing networks to accomplish what individuals cannot. The implication is enormous: collective intelligence depends on how well knowledge moves. Participation, access, diversity, teaching, communication, and institutions all shape how smart we can become together.

FOLLOW THE THREAD

"Progress is people flourishing."

-Ted Gioia

How to make rational, fact-based decisions like a scientist, and how to work with other people to come to a consensus when not everyone shares the same values.

In 2013, the University of California, Berkeley, debuted a course to teach undergraduates the tricks used by scientists to make sense of the world, in the hope that these tricks would prove useful in assessing the claims and counterclaims that bombard us every day.

AUTHOR INTERVIEW: Amidst Misinformation, Critical Thinking Needs a 21st Century Upgrade

Breaking is a dance that celebrates athleticism, creativity, and a variety of scientific principles.

Breaking, also known as breakdancing, originated in the late 1970s in the New York City borough of the Bronx.

ARTICLE: Paris 2024 Olympics to Debut High-Level Breakdancing – and Physics in Action

Margaret Mead thought we needed a deliberate process of cultural evolution. She thought psychedelics might help.

In the summer of 1930, the anthropologist Margaret Mead and her second husband and fellow anthropologist, Reo Fortune, made their way to the Omaha Reservation in northeastern Nebraska.

BOOK REVIEW: Tripping on Utopia: Margaret Mead, the Cold War, and the Troubled Birth of Psychedelic Science

How can we create things in the world without causing harm, and instead, create with healing in mind?

To be a maker today—to be human—is to collaborate with the world.

BOOK EXCERPT: What Could Go Wrong?

A handbook of useful exercises for unblocking creative drives and stretching creative muscles

In recent years, (cartoonist, author and teacher Lynda) Barry has taken a deep dive into research into images and human cognition, designing and teaching a multi-disciplinary course at UW-Madison called “Writing the Unthinkable.” What It Is came from these deep explorations into images, writing and memory.

BOOK REVIEW: What It Is, by Lynda Barry